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Related Research Articles (Abstract)

Wolfberry

Click here for Study on Wolfberry Antioxidant Function on Vision (Full Text)    Click here for Study on Cancer Patients (full text) 

 

Wolfberry Improves Vision: A Rich Source of Beta-carotene

Chinese people have been using wolfberry to prevent vision degeneration or treat mild blurry vision for more than one thousand years.  Traditional doctors commonly used wolfberry in herbal formulas.   However, wolfberry’s benefit to our eyes remained a mystery until modern science discovered that wolfberry fruit contained substantial amounts of pro-vitamin A: beta-carotene and cryptoxanthin.  Beta-carotene has received most of the attention because Beta-carotene generates vitamin A much more efficient than alpha-carotene. Rich Nature Laboratories’ dried berry contains more than 28,000 IU/100g beta-carotene and Rich Nature concentrated powder, W-LBP, contains 58,000-60,000 IU/100g beta-carotene Beta-carotene is now believed that has many health functions on human body (see Table 1).

Table 1: Benefits from Beta carotene in Wolfberry

 

Beta-carotene

(IU/100g)

Beneficial Effects of Beta-carotene

Rich NatureTM Wolfberry

Rich NatureTM W-LBP

28,100

( Beta-carotene)  

58,100 -60,000

( Beta-carotene)  

1.        Best known for improving visual system: provide necessary nutrient for retina

2.        Antioxidant activity: carotene exerts significant antioxidant activity compare to that of vitamin A.  The antioxidant activity of carotene is probably the factor responsible for the anticancer effects noted in population study.

3.        Anti-aging: Carotenoid content of tissue is the most significant factor in determining maximal life span potential (MLSP) of mammalian species.  For example, human MLSP of approximately 90 years correlates with a serum carotene level of 50 to 300 micrograms per deciliter while other primates, such as the rhesus monkey, have a MLSP of approximately 34 years correlating with a serum carotene level of 6 to 12 micrograms per deciliter.

4.        Immune system: Beta-carotene appears to enhance thymus gland function and increase interferon’s stimulatory action on the immune system.  Interferon is a powerful immune-enhancing compound that plays a central role in protection against viral infection

5.        Reproduction: Beta-carotene has a specific effort in fertility distinct from its role as a precursor to vitamin A.  The carotene cleavage activity changes with the ovulation cycle, with the highest activity occurring during the midovulation stage

6.        Best known for improving visual system: provide necessary nutrient for retina.

7.        Antioxidant activity: carotene exerts significant antioxidant

 

Reference:

1.        Murray, Michael T, Encyclopedia of Nutritional Supplements.  Prima. 1996. P19-29.

2.        Zongshao Qi, Shufang Le, Jiping Wu, Rong Qu, Yufang Yang, Lijuan Zhang, Xiaoping Yang. Chemical Analysis of Wolfberry fruit and leaves.  Chinese Herb News.  1986, Vol.11 (3): P41-43.

Wolfberry contains 18 types of amino acids which includes all eight essential amino acids:

Amino-acids

Amount (mg/100mg)

Health Benefits

Aspartic acid

1.55

 

Wolfberry contains 18 out of 20 amino acids, which serve as a building block of proteins.  Proteins are now recognized as the predominant ingredients of cells.  The 20 standard amino acids also serve as raw materials for the manufacture of many other cellular products, such as enzymes, hormones, antibodies of immune system.  Several of these amino acids are key intermediates in cellular metabolism.

 

Wolfberry has all 8 essential amino acids. 

Human needs the essential amino acids to function but human body cannot produce them.  The essential amino acids must obtain from food.

 

 

Threonine

0.37

Serine

0.47

Glutamic acid

1.23

Glycine

0.34

Alanine

0.43

Cystine

0.11

Valine

0.37

Methionine

0.10

Isoleucine

0.29

Leucine

0.45

Tyrosine

0.15

phenylalanine

0.26

Lysine

0.31

Ammonia

0.38

Histidine

0.15

Arginine

0.94

Tryptophan

0.10

Proline

1.08

Total:

9.14

  More than 50% of the amino acids in Rich NatureTM Wolfberry are free amino acids or Water-soluble amino acids, which can be directly utilized by the body.

Amino Acid

Free Amino Acid

Water Soluble Amino Acid

Total

Aspartic acid

1.21

0.40

1.76

Threonine

0.07

0.07

0.29

Serine

0.14

0.11

0.43

Glutamic acid

0.63

0.28

1.27

Glycine

0.04

0.03

0.19

Alanine

0.37

0.18

0.64

Valine

0.05

0.05

0.26

Methionine

¾

¾

0.04

Isoleucine

0.04

0.04

0.20

Leucine

0.09

0.03

0.30

Tyrosine

0.05

¾

0.16

Phenylalanine

0.06

0.02

0.16

Lysine

0.02

0.02

0.16

Ammonia

0.30

0.07

0.58

Histidine

0.04

0.02

0.10

Arginine

0.19

0.09

0.45

Proline

0.65

0.13

0.91

Total Amount:

3.95

1.54

7.90

Total (%):

50

19

100

Reference:

Meng Xiezhong, Hu Xiangxun, Zhang Guilan.  Chemical Analysis on Lycium Barbarum Fruit and Leaves.  Chinese Herb News.  1987, Vol.12 (5): 42-44.

Anti-Mutation from Wolfberry- China Studies:

Mutation is the process whereby changes occur in the quantity or structure of the genetic material of an organism.  Mutations are permanent alterations in the genetic material, which may lead to changes in phenotype, or in other words, it may lead to abnormal cell types, including tumors.  Two in vitro studies have shown that the active ingredient, wolfberry polysaccharides inhibit mutation.

The Ames test done by Chinese scientists has demonstrated polysaccharides inhibit 2-AF induced TA100 mutation.  An increase in inhibition was observed when the dosage of polysaccharides was increased (Figure 1).  Lycium Barbarum Polysaccharides (LBP) does not inhibit the mutation induced by B (a) P.

Figure 1: Ames test on LBP

Group

Polysaccharides dosage

(ug/plate)

S9

B (a) P

(ug/plate)

2-AF

(ug/plate)

TA98

TA100

Spontaneous process

 

+

-

 

 

 

46

29

144

159

Positive control

 

+

-

 

10

10

 

71

5460

314

3514

 

B (a) P group

1

10

100

1000

10000

+

+

+

+

+

 

10

10

10

10

10

 

 

62

62

59

53

52

219

304

347

354

336

2-AF group

1

10

100

1000

10000

 

+

+

+

+

+

 

 

10

10

10

10

10

 

4975

5613

5968

5613

1674

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